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Treatment is costly and lengthy and sometimes can even lead to tooth loss, resulting in complications for facial and psychological development and quality of life. Oro-dental trauma can be caused by oral factors such as lack of alignment of teeth and environmental factors (such as unsafe playgrounds, risk-taking behaviour, road accidents and violence). Around 20% of people suffer from trauma to teeth at some point in their life 5. Oro-dental trauma results from injury to the teeth, mouth and oral cavity. In North America and Europe, human papillomavirus infections are responsible for a growing percentage of oral cancers among young people 4. Tobacco, alcohol and areca nut (betel quid) use are among the leading causes of oral cancer 3. Oral cancer is more common in men and in older people, and it varies strongly by socio-economic condition. However, there is wide variation across the globe, from 0 to aroundĢ2 cases per 100 000 people 2. The global incidence of cancers of the lip and oral cavity is estimated at 4 cases per 100 000 people.

Oral cancer includes cancers of the lip, other parts of the mouth and the oropharynx. The main causes of periodontal diseaseĪre poor oral hygiene and tobacco use.

Severe periodontal diseases are estimated to affect around 14% of the global adult population, representing more than one billion cases worldwide 1. In its more severe form, the gum can come away from the tooth and supportingīone, causing teeth to become loose and sometimes fall out. The disease is characterized by bleeding or swollen gums (gingivitis), pain and sometimes bad breath. Periodontal disease affects the tissues that both surround and support the tooth.

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A continued high intake of free sugars, inadequate exposure to fluoride and a lack of removal of plaque by toothbrushing can lead to caries, pain and sometimes tooth loss and infection. Into acids that destroy the tooth over time. Dental caries (tooth decay)ĭental caries result when plaque forms on the surface of a tooth and converts the free sugars (all sugars added to foods by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, plus sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices) contained in foods and drinks Marketing of food and beverages high in sugar, as well as tobacco and alcohol, have led toĪ growing consumption of products that contribute to oral health conditions and other noncommunicable diseases. Products such as toothpaste), availability and affordability of food with high sugar content and poor access to oral health care services in the community.

This is primarily due to inadequate exposure to fluoride (in the water supply and oral hygiene In most low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of oral diseases continues to increase with growing urbanization and changes in living conditions. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion people sufferįrom caries of permanent teeth 1 and 520 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth 1. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 estimated that oral diseases affect close to 3.5 billion people worldwide, with caries of permanent teeth being the most common condition 1. The majority of cases are dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal diseases, oral cancers, oro-dental trauma, cleft lip and palate, and noma (severe gangrenousĭisease starting in the mouth mostly affecting children). Most oral health conditions are largely preventable and can be treated in their early stages.